N

S

E

O

Loxodromía

Ortodromía

E

N

O

S

La ruta recta más larga por mar

La ruta recta más larga por tierra

La ruta recta Washington - La Meca

Circular

Rastro

Limpiar rastro

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(the line above was cut: it had 110609 characters; the first 20000 are kept)
tierra = Sphere((0, 0, 0), (0.999 * 5))
A = PointIn(tierra)
latA = 0.7017968922269198 rad (slider from -90° to 90°, step 0.01°)
lonA = -0.14713125594312196 rad (slider from -180° to 180°, step 0.01°)
verLoxodrómica = true
B = PointIn(tierra)
latB = 0.6963863715457377 rad (slider from -90° to 90°, step 0.01°)
lonB = 2.0317377822465996 rad (slider from -180° to 180°, step 0.01°)
verOrtodrómica = true
PS: (5; 180°; -90°)
PN: (5; 180°; 90°)
ortodromia = IntersectPath(Plane[(0, 0, 0), A, B], tierra)
arcoOrtodromiaAB = Arc(ortodromia, A, B)
paralelosS = Sequence(Circle[(5; 0; (-15° * k)), (5; 90°; (-15° * k)), (5; 180°; (-15° * k))], k, 1, 5)
MapaIzq: (-180, -180)
MapaDer: (180, -180)
mapaMeridianos = Sequence(Segment[(-180 + k, -180), (-180 + k, 180)], k, 0, 360, 15)
mapaParalelosN = Sequence(Segment[(-180, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + (k * ° / 2))))), (180, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + (k * ° / 2)))))], k, 15, 75, 15)
mapaParalelosS = Sequence(Segment[(-180, (-180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + (k * ° / 2))))), (180, (-180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + (k * ° / 2)))))], k, 15, 75, 15)
AA = (-8.429999999999998, 43.986061772947416)
BB = (116.41000000000004, 43.58105791368301)
inc = If(abs(lonB - lonA) ≤ 180°, lonB - lonA, lonB - lonA < -180°, 360° + lonB - lonA, lonB - lonA - 360°)
q: (ln(tan(pi / 4 + latB / 2)) - ln(tan(pi / 4 + latA / 2))) / inc
λ: lonA - ln(tan(pi / 4 + latA / 2)) / q
loxodromia2 = Circle(zAxis, A)
AA': (If[lonB - lonA > 180°, 360° + lonA, lonA] / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(A) / 2))))
BB': (If[lonB - lonA < -180°, 360° + lonB, lonB] / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(B) / 2))))
mapaLoxoAA': {Intersect[Segment[AA', BB'], Polygon[(-180, -180), (-180, 180), (180, 180), (180, -180)]]}
mapaArcoLoxodromia = If(abs(lonB - lonA) ≤ 180°, {Segment[AA, BB]}, lonB - lonA > 180°, {Segment[AA, mapaLoxoAA'(1) - (360, 0)], Segment[mapaLoxoAA'(1), BB]}, {Segment[AA, mapaLoxoAA'(1)], Segment[mapaLoxoAA'(1) - (360, 0), BB]})
mapaEcuador = Segment((-180, 0), (180, 0))
mapaGreenwich2a = Segment((-180, -180), (-180, 180))
mapaGreenwich2b = Segment((180, -180), (180, 180))
mapaGreenwich = Segment((0, -180), (0, 180))
mapaLoxo: {Intersect[Line[AA', BB'], Polygon[(-180, -180), (-180, 180), (180, 180), (180, -180)]]}
paralelosN = Sequence(Circle[(5.01; 0; (15° * k)), (5.01; 90°; (15° * k)), (5.01; 180°; (15° * k))], k, 1, 5)
meridianos = Sequence(Circle[PN, (5.01; (15° * k); 0), PS], k, 1, 11)
OrtoP = Point(ortodromia)
MapaOrtoP: (arg(OrtoP) / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(OrtoP) / 2))))
mapaOrtodromia = Locus(MapaOrtoP, OrtoP)
OrtoABarcoP = Point(arcoOrtodromiaAB)
MapaOrtoABarcoP: (arg(OrtoABarcoP) / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(OrtoABarcoP) / 2))))
mapaOrtodromiaABarco = Locus(MapaOrtoABarcoP, OrtoABarcoP)
nA = 1 (slider from 1 to 456, step 1)
nB = 1 (slider from 1 to 456, step 1)
ecuador = Circle((0, 0, 0), 5, Segment[PS + (0.075 * PS), PN + (0.075 * PN)])
LoxoArcoP = Point(Segment[AA', BB'])
EsferaLoxoArcoP: (5; (x(LoxoArcoP))°; (2 * atand(ℯ^((y(LoxoArcoP) * pi / 180)))) - 90°)
esferaArcoLoxodromia = Locus(EsferaLoxoArcoP, LoxoArcoP)
b = false
a = false
disOrto = If(a, 11241, b, 32090, A ≟ B, 0, round((6371 / 5 * arcoOrtodromiaAB)))
disLoxo = If(A ≟ B, 0, lonA ≟ lonB, round(disOrto), latA ≟ latB, round((((6371 * cos(latA)) * abs(arg(B) - arg(A))) * pi / (180°))), round(abs((((6371 * pi / 180) * (latB / ° - latA / °)) * sqrt(1 + q^(2)) / q))))
c = false
arcoOrtodromiaBA = Arc(ortodromia, B, A)
OrtoBAarcoP = Point(arcoOrtodromiaBA)
MapaOrtoBAarcoP: (arg(OrtoBAarcoP) / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(OrtoBAarcoP) / 2))))
mapaOrtodromiaBAarco = Locus(MapaOrtoBAarcoP, OrtoBAarcoP)
mapaEjeX: {Sequence[Text[k°, (k - 2 - (2 * (k > 90)), -8)], k, 30, 180, 30], Sequence[Text[k°, (k - 4, -8)], k, -30, -180, -30]}
mapaEjeY: {Sequence[Text[k°, (-8, -2 + (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + (k * ° / 2)))))], k, 30, 75, 30], Sequence[Text[(-(k°)), (-8, -2 - (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + (k * ° / 2)))))], k, 30, 75, 30]}
circular = Circle((A + B) / 2, A, Vector[(0, 0, 0), (A + B) / 2])
C = Point(circular)
MapaC: (arg(C) / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(C) / 2))))
mapaCircular = Locus(MapaC, C)
α: abs(atand(Slope[Line[AA', BB']]))
verCircular = false
CircP = Point(circular)
MapaCircP: (arg(CircP) / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(CircP) / 2))))
ciudades: {{"País", "Ciudad", 0, 0}, {"Afganistán", "Kabul", 69.18, 34.52}, {"Albania", "Tirana", 19.83, 41.33}, {"Alemania", "Berlín", 13.4, 52.52}, {"Alemania", "Bonn", 7.1, 50.73}, {"Alemania", "Bremen", 8.8, 53.08}, {"Alemania", "Colonia", 6.95, 50.94}, {"Alemania", "Dresden", 13.74, 51.05}, {"Alemania", "Düsseldorf", 6.78, 51.23}, {"Alemania", "Frankfurt", 8.68, 50.11}, {"Alemania", "Friburgo", 7.85, 48}, {"Alemania", "Göttingen", 9.94, 51.53}, {"Alemania", "Hamburgo", 10, 53.55}, {"Alemania", "Hannover", 9.72, 52.37}, {"Alemania", "Heidelberg", 8.72, 49.42}, {"Alemania", "Leipzig", 12.38, 51.34}, {"Alemania", "Munich", 11.58, 48.14}, {"Alemania", "Nuremberg", 11.08, 49.45}, {"Alemania", "Stuttgart", 9.18, 48.78}, {"Andorra", "Andorra La Vella", 1.52, 42.5}, {"Angola", "Luanda", 13.23, -8.84}, {"Anguila", "El Valle", -63.05, 18.22}, {"Antigua y Barbuda", "Saint John", -61.85, 17.12}, {"Antillas Holandesas", "Willemstad", -68.93, 12.1}, {"Arabia Saudita", "Jeddah", 39.17, 21.54}, {"Arabia Saudita", "La Meca", 39.82, 21.42}, {"Arabia Saudita", "Riad", 46.71, 24.67}, {"Argelia", "Argel", 3.05, 36.76}, {"Argelia", "Orán", -0.63, 35.7}, {"Argelia", "Tamanrasset", 5.58, 22.93}, {"Argentina", "Bahía Blanca", -62.27, -38.72}, {"Argentina", "Buenos Aires", -58.47, -34.61}, {"Argentina", "Córdoba", -64.18, -31.42}, {"Argentina", "Corrientes", -58.82, -27.48}, {"Argentina", "Rosario", -60.64, -32.96}, {"Armenia", "Ereván", 44.5, 40.18}, {"Aruba", "Oranjestad", -70.03, 12.52}, {"Australia", "Canberra", 149.22, -35.28}, {"Australia", "Darwin", 130.91, -12.59}, {"Australia", "Melbourne", 144.96, -37.81}, {"Australia", "Sydney", 151.21, -33.87}, {"Australia", "Townsville", 146.84, -19.26}, {"Austria", "Innsbruck", 11.39, 47.27}, {"Austria", "Linz", 14.29, 48.31}, {"Austria", "Salzburgo", 13.05, 47.8}, {"Austria", "Viena", 16.37, 48.2}, {"Azerbaiyán", "Bakú", 49.86, 40.39}, {"Bangladés", "Daca", 90.41, 23.72}, {"Barbados", "Bridgetown", -59.62, 13.1}, {"Baréin", "Manama", 50.58, 26.24}, {"Bélgica", "Brujas", 3.22, 51.21}, {"Bélgica", "Bruselas", 4.33, 50.83}, {"Belice", "Belmopán", -88.77, 17.25}, {"Benín", "Porto-Novo", 2.62, 6.48}, {"Bermudas", "Hamilton", -64.78, 32.29}, {"Bielorrusia", "Minsk", 27.57, 53.9}, {"Birmania", "Naipyidó", 96.12, 19.75}, {"Bolivia", "La Paz", -67.02, -12.97}, {"Bolivia", "Santa Cruz", -63.2, -17.79}, {"Bosnia y Herzegovina", "Sarajevo", 18.38, 43.85}, {"Botsuana", "Gaborone", 25.92, -24.67}, {"Brasil", "Belén", -48.5, -1.46}, {"Brasil", "Brasilia", -47.92, -15.78}, {"Brasil", "Fortaleza", -38.53, -3.73}, {"Brasil", "Manaos", -60.02, -2.78}, {"Brasil", "Porto Alegre", -51.23, -30.03}, {"Brasil", "Recife", -34.9, -8.05}, {"Brasil", "Rio de Janeiro", -43.21, -22.91}, {"Brasil", "Salvador", -38.48, -12.97}, {"Brasil", "San Luis", -44.45, -2.25}, {"Brasil", "São Paulo", -46.63, -23.55}, {"Bulgaria", "Sofía", 23.32, 42.68}, {"Burkina Faso", "Uagadugú", -1.54, 12.36}, {"Burundi", "Buyumbura", 29.36, -3.38}, {"Cabo Verde", "Praia", -23.52, 14.92}, {"Camboya", "Phnom Penh", 104.92, 11.55}, {"Camerún", "Douala", 9.7, 4.05}, {"Camerún", "Yaundé", 11.52, 3.87}, {"Canadá", "Calgary", -114.07, 51.05}, {"Canadá", "Edmonton", -113.49, 53.53}, {"Canadá", "Montreal", -73.56, 45.51}, {"Canadá", "Ottawa", -75.7, 45.42}, {"Canadá", "Quebec", -71.21, 46.81}, {"Canadá", "Toronto", -79.37, 43.74}, {"Canadá", "Vancouver", -123.1, 49.25}, {"Catar", "Doha", 51.15, 25.3}, {"Centroafricana (Rep.)", "Bangui", 17.45, 4.3}, {"Chad", "Yamena", 15.05, 12.11}, {"Chequia", "Praga", 14.47, 50.08}, {"Chile", "Concepción", -73.05, -36.83}, {"Chile", "Santiago", -70.67, -33.45}, {"China", "Guangzhou", 113.26, 23.13}, {"China", "Hong Kong", 114.2, 22.3}, {"China", "Karamay", 84.84, 45.84}, {"China", "Kasgar", 76.25, 39.22}, {"China", "Pekín", 116.41, 39.9}, {"China", "Shanghai", 121.47, 31.17}, {"China", "Tianjín", 117.21, 39.15}, {"China", "Wuhan", 114.29, 30.59}, {"China", "Yinchuan", 106.38, 39}, {"Chipre", "Limasol", 33.04, 34.67}, {"Chipre", "Nicosia", 33.37, 35.17}, {"Colombia", "Barranquilla", -74.8, 10.98}, {"Colombia", "Bogotá", -74.08, 4.63}, {"Colombia", "Cali", -76.52, 3.42}, {"Colombia", "Cartagena", -75.5, 10.4}, {"Colombia", "Medellín", -75.59, 6.23}, {"Colombia", "Timbío", -76.68, 2.34}, {"Congo (Rep.)", "Brazzaville", 15.29, -4.26}, {"Congo (Rep. Dem.)", "Kinshasa", 14.78, 1.98}, {"Corea del Norte", "Pionyang", 125.77, 39.01}, {"Corea del Sur", "Seúl", 127, 37.57}, {"Costa de Marfil", "Abidjan", -4.03, 5.32}, {"Costa de Marfil", "Yamusukro", -5.28, 6.82}, {"Costa Rica", "San José", -84.08, 9.93}, {"Croacia", "Zagreb", 16, 45.8}, {"Cuba", "La Habana", -82.36, 23.13}, {"Cuba", "Mayarí", -75.68, 20.66}, {"Cuba", "Santiago de Cuba", -75.83, 20.02}, {"Dinamarca", "Copenhague", 12.58, 55.67}, {"Dominica", "Roseau", -61.4, 15.3}, {"Dominicana (Rep.)", "Santo Domingo", -69.9, 18.47}, {"Ecuador", "Guayaquil", -79.89, -2.19}, {"Ecuador", "Quito", -78.5, -0.22}, {"Egipto", "Alejandría", 29.89, 31.2}, {"Egipto", "El Cairo", 31.25, 30.05}, {"Egipto", "Suez", 32.55, 29.97}, {"El Salvador", "San Salvador", -89.19, 13.7}, {"El Salvador", "San Salvador", -89.2, 13.7}, {"Emiratos Árabes", "Abu Dabi", 54.37, 24.47}, {"Emiratos Árabes", "Dubai", 55.3, 25.26}, {"Eritrea", "Asmara", 38.93, 15.33}, {"Eslovaquia", "Bratislava", 17.12, 48.15}, {"Eslovenia", "Liubliana", 14.51, 46.06}, {"España", "Albacete", -1.86, 39}, {"España", "Alicante", -0.48, 38.35}, {"España", "Almería", -2.47, 36.84}, {"España", "Ávila", -4.68, 40.65}, {"España", "Badajoz", -6.98, 38.88}, {"España", "Barcelona", 2.18, 41.38}, {"España", "Bilbao", -2.92, 43.26}, {"España", "Burgos", -3.7, 42.34}, {"España", "Cáceres", -6.37, 39.48}, {"España", "Cádiz", -6.3, 36.54}, {"España", "Castellón de la Plana", -0.03, 39.98}, {"España", "Ciudad Real", -3.92, 38.98}, {"España", "Córdoba", -4.78, 37.88}, {"España", "Cuenca", -2.15, 40.07}, {"España", "Gerona", 2.82, 41.98}, {"España", "Granada", -3.6, 37.18}, {"España", "Guadalajara", -3.17, 40.63}, {"España", "Huelva", -6.95, 37.25}, {"España", "Huesca", -0.42, 42.13}, {"España", "Jaén", -3.77, 37.77}, {"España", "La Coruña", -8.38, 43.37}, {"España", "Las Palmas", -15.43, 28.13}, {"España", "León", -5.57, 42.61}, {"España", "Lérida", 0.63, 41.62}, {"España", "Logroño", -2.45, 42.47}, {"España", "Lugo", -7.55, 43.02}, {"España", "Madrid", -3.7, 40.42}, {"España", "Málaga", -4.42, 36.72}, {"España", "Mérida", -6.33, 38.9}, {"España", "Murcia", -1.13, 37.99}, {"España", "Orense", -7.86, 42.34}, {"España", "Oviedo", -5.85, 43.36}, {"España", "Palencia", -4.53, 42.02}, {"España", "Palma", 2.65, 39.57}, {"España", "Pamplona", -1.65, 42.82}, {"España", "Pontevedra", -8.63, 42.43}, {"España", "Salamanca", -5.66, 40.97}, {"España", "San Sebastián", -1.98, 43.32}, {"España", "Santa Cruz", -16.25, 28.47}, {"España", "Santander", -3.81, 43.46}, {"España", "Santiago de Compost.", -8.54, 42.88}, {"España", "Segovia", -4.12, 40.95}, {"España", "Sevilla", -5.99, 37.24}, {"España", "Soria", -2.47, 41.77}, {"España", "Tarragona", 1.25, 41.12}, {"España", "Teruel", -1.11, 40.35}, {"España", "Toledo", -4.02, 39.86}, {"España", "Valencia", -0.38, 39.47}, {"España", "Valladolid", -4.72, 41.65}, {"España", "Vitoria", -2.68, 42.85}, {"España", "Zamora", -5.76, 41.5}, {"España", "Zaragoza", -0.88, 41.65}, {"Estados Unidos", "Albuquerque", -106.65, 35.11}, {"Estados Unidos", "Anchorage", -150.53, 61.51}, {"Estados Unidos", "Atlanta", -84.42, 33.76}, {"Estados Unidos", "Baltimore", -76.61, 39.31}, {"Estados Unidos", "Boston", -71.09, 42.32}, {"Estados Unidos", "Búfalo", -78.85, 42.9}, {"Estados Unidos", "Chattanooga", -85.25, 35.07}, {"Estados Unidos", "Chicago", -87.69, 41.84}, {"Estados Unidos", "Cincinnati", -84.51, 39.14}, {"Estados Unidos", "Cleveland", -81.68, 41.48}, {"Estados Unidos", "Dallas", -96.77, 32.79}, {"Estados Unidos", "Denver", -104.88, 39.76}, {"Estados Unidos", "Detroit", -83.1, 42.38}, {"Estados Unidos", "El Paso", -106.43, 31.85}, {"Estados Unidos", "Filadelfia", -75.13, 40.01}, {"Estados Unidos", "Hollywood", -80.17, 26.03}, {"Estados Unidos", "Honolulú", -157.85, 21.33}, {"Estados Unidos", "Houston", -95.39, 29.79}, {"Estados Unidos", "Indianápolis", -86.15, 39.78}, {"Estados Unidos", "Iowa City", -91.53, 41.66}, {"Estados Unidos", "Kansas City", -94.74, 39.12}, {"Estados Unidos", "Las Vegas", -115.27, 36.23}, {"Estados Unidos", "Long Beach", -118.17, 33.8}, {"Estados Unidos", "Los Ángeles", -118.41, 34.11}, {"Estados Unidos", "Louisville", -85.65, 38.17}, {"Estados Unidos", "Madison", -89.39, 43.08}, {"Estados Unidos", "Memphis", -89.97, 35.11}, {"Estados Unidos", "Miami", -80.21, 25.78}, {"Estados Unidos", "Mineápolis", -93.27, 44.96}, {"Estados Unidos", "Nashville", -86.78, 36.17}, {"Estados Unidos", "Nueva Orleans", -89.93, 30.07}, {"Estados Unidos", "Nueva York", -73.92, 40.69}, {"Estados Unidos", "Oklahoma City", -97.51, 35.47}, {"Estados Unidos", "Omaha", -96.05, 41.26}, {"Estados Unidos", "Orlando", -81.34, 28.48}, {"Estados Unidos", "Pasadena", -95.15, 29.66}, {"Estados Unidos", "Phoenix", -112.09, 33.57}, {"Estados Unidos", "Pittsburgh", -79.98, 40.44}, {"Estados Unidos", "Portland", -122.65, 45.54}, {"Estados Unidos", "Reno", -119.85, 39.55}, {"Estados Unidos", "Sacramento", -121.47, 38.57}, {"Estados Unidos", "Salem", -123.02, 44.92}, {"Estados Unidos", "San Antonio", -98.52, 29.46}, {"Estados Unidos", "San Diego", -117.12, 32.83}, {"Estados Unidos", "San Francisco", -122.44, 37.76}, {"Estados Unidos", "Seattle", -122.32, 47.62}, {"Estados Unidos", "San Luis", -90.25, 38.64}, {"Estados Unidos", "Siracusa", -76.14, 43.04}, {"Estados Unidos", "Texas City", -94.97, 29.42}, {"Estados Unidos", "Tucson", -110.88, 32.15}, {"Estados Unidos", "Washington", -77.04, 38.9}, {"Estados Unidos", "Wichita", -97.34, 37.69}, {"Estonia", "Tallin", 24.73, 59.43}, {"Etiopía", "Adís Abeba", 38.7, 9.03}, {"Filipinas", "Manila", 121, 14.58}, {"Finlandia", "Helsinki", 24.93, 60.18}, {"Fiyi", "Suva", 178.42, -18.13}, {"Francia", "Burdeos", -0.58, 44.84}, {"Francia", "Dijón", 5.02, 47.32}, {"Francia", "Le Mans", 0.2, 48.01}, {"Francia", "Lille", 3.06, 50.63}, {"Francia", "Lyon", 4.84, 45.76}, {"Francia", "Marsella", 5.37, 43.3}, {"Francia", "Montpellier", 3.88, 43.61}, {"Francia", "Nantes", -1.55, 47.22}, {"Francia", "Nimes", 4.36, 43.84}, {"Francia", "París", 2.34, 48.85}, {"Francia", "Perpiñán", 2.9, 42.7}, {"Francia", "Reims", 4.03, 49.26}, {"Francia", "Rennes", -1.68, 48.11}, {"Francia", "Ruan", 1.09, 49.44}, {"Francia", "Tolosa", 1.44, 43.6}, {"Francia", "Tours", 0.69, 47.39}, {"Gabón", "Libreville", 9.45, 0.38}, {"Gambia", "Banjul", -16.58, 13.45}, {"Georgia", "Tiflis", 44.81, 41.7}, {"Ghana", "Acra", -0.22, 5.55}, {"Ghana", "Boankra", -1.4, 6.69}, {"Gibraltar", "Gibraltar", -5.35, 36.13}, {"Granada", "Saint George", -61.75, 12.06}, {"Grecia", "Atenas", 23.73, 37.98}, {"Groenlandia", "Nuuk", -51.72, 64.19}, {"Guam", "Agaña", 144.75, 13.48}, {"Guatemala", "Guatemala", -90.52, 14.63}, {"Guayana Francesa", "Cayena", -52.33, 4.93}, {"Guernsey", "Saint Peter Port", -2.53, 49.45}, {"Guinea", "Conakry", -13.71, 9.51}, {"Guinea Ecuatorial", "Bata", 9.77, 1.87}, {"Guinea-Bisáu", "Bisáu", -15.57, 11.85}, {"Guyana", "Georgetown", -58.17, 6.8}, {"Haití", "Puerto Príncipe", -72.33, 18.53}, {"Honduras", "Tegucigalpa", -87.22, 14.1}, {"Hungría", "Budapest", 19.08, 47.5}, {"India", "Ahmedabad", 72.58, 23}, {"India", "Cochín", 76.49, 10.28}, {"India", "Nueva Delhi", 77.22, 28.63}, {"India", "Patna", 85.14, 25.59}, {"Indonesia", "Yakarta", 106.8, -6.17}, {"Irak", "Bagdad", 44.39, 33.34}, {"Irán", "Shiraz", 52.56, 29.92}, {"Irán", "Teherán", 51.42, 35.67}, {"Irlanda", "Dublín", -6.25, 53.33}, {"Isla de Man", "Douglas", -4.47, 54.15}, {"Isla de Navidad", "Flying Fish Cove", 105.72, -10.42}, {"Isla Norfolk", "Kingston", 167.95, -29.05}, {"Islandia", "Reikiavik", -21.95, 64.15}, {"Islas Caimán", "George Town", -81.38, 19.3}, {"Islas Cook", "Avarua", -159.77, -21.2}, {"Islas Feroe", "Tórshavn", -6.77, 62.02}, {"Islas Marianas", "Saipán", 145.5, 16}, {"Islas Marshall", "Majuro", 171.38, 7.1}, {"Islas Salomón", "Honiara", 159.95, -9.43}, {"Islas Vírgenes", "Charlotte Amalie", -64.93, 18.34}, {"Israel", "Jerusalén", 35.23, 31.77}, {"Italia", "Bari", 16.87, 41.13}, {"Italia", "Florencia", 11.25, 43.77}, {"Italia", "Milán", 9.19, 45.47}, {"Italia", "Nápoles", 14.25, 40.83}, {"Italia", "Palermo", 13.36, 38.12}, {"Italia", "Roma", 12.48, 41.9}, {"Italia", "Siracusa", 15.29, 37.07}, {"Italia", "Trento", 11.12, 46.07}, {"Italia", "Turín", 7.68, 45.08}, {"Italia", "Venecia", 12.33, 45.44}, {"Italia", "Verona", 10.99, 45.44}, {"Jamaica", "Kingston", -76.8, 18}, {"Japón", "Hiroshima", 132.45, 34.39}, {"Japón", "Nagasaki", 129.87, 32.74}, {"Japón", "Osaka", 135.5, 34.69}, {"Japón", "Tokio", 139.77, 35.7}, {"Japón", "Yokohama", 139.64, 35.44}, {"Jordania", "Ammán", 35.93, 31.95}, {"Kazajistán", "Almaty", 76.9, 43.28}, {"Kazajistán", "Astaná", 71.5, 51.17}, {"Kenia", "Mombasa", 39.67, -4.05}, {"Kenia", "Nairobi", 36.82, -1.28}, {"Kirguistán", "Bishkek", 74.6, 42.9}, {"Kuwait", "Kuwait", 47.98, 29.37}, {"Laos", "Vientián", 102.6, 17.97}, {"Las Bahamas", "Nassau", -77.35, 25.08}, {"Lesoto", "Maseru", 27.48, -29.32}, {"Letonia", "Riga", 24.1, 56.95}, {"Líbano", "Beirut", 35.51, 33.87}, {"Liberia", "Monrovia", -10.81, 6.31}, {"Libia", "Trípoli", 13.18, 32.89}, {"Liechtenstein", "Vaduz", 9.52, 47.13}, {"Lituania", "Vilna", 25.32, 54.68}, {"Luxemburgo", "Luxemburgo", 6.13, 49.61}, {"Macedonia", "Skopie", 21.43, 42}, {"Madagascar", "Antananarivo", 47.52, -18.92}, {"Malasia", "Kuala Lumpur", 101.7, 3.17}, {"Malaui", "Lilongüe", 33.78, -13.98}, {"Maldivas", "Malé", 73.5, 4.18}, {"Malí", "Bamako", -8, 12.65}, {"Malta", "La Valeta", 14.52, 35.9}, {"Marruecos", "Casablanca", -7.58, 33.53}, {"Marruecos", "Marrakech", -8.01, 31.63}, {"Marruecos", "Rabat", -6.83, 34.03}, {"Marruecos", "Tánger", -5.8, 35.78}, {"Martinica", "Fort-De-France", -61.05, 14.61}, {"Mauricio", "Port Louis", 57.51, -20.17}, {"Mauritania", "Néma", -7.24, 16.8}, {"Mauritania", "Nuakchot", -15.95, 18.1}, {"México", "Ciudad de México", -99.15, 19.4}, {"México", "Guadalajara", -103.35, 20.68}, {"México", "Juárez", -106.49, 31.74}, {"México", "Tijuana", -117.03, 32.53}, {"Moldova", "Chişinău", 28.86, 47}, {"Mónaco", "Mónaco", 7.42, 43.73}, {"Mongolia", "Ulán Bator", 106.92, 47.92}, {"Mozambique", "Maputo", 32.59, -25.97}, {"Namibia", "Windhoek", 17.08, -22.57}, {"Nepal", "Kathmandú", 85.32, 27.72}, {"Nicaragua", "Managua", -86.28, 12.15}, {"Níger", "Niamey", 2.12, 13.52}, {"Nigeria", "Abuya", 7.48, 9.07}, {"Nigeria", "Kano", 8.52, 12}, {"Nigeria", "Lagos", 3.38, 6.46}, {"Noruega", "Oslo", 10.75, 59.92}, {"Nueva Caledonia", "Numea", 166.45, -22.26}, {"Nueva Zelanda", "Wellington", 174.78, -41.3}, {"Omán", "Mascate", 58.6, 23.62}, {"Países Bajos", "Ámsterdam", 4.92, 52.35}, {"Pakistán", "Islamabad", 73.17, 33.7}, {"Pakistán", "Karachi", 67.01, 24.86}, {"Palestina", "Gaza", 34.47, 31.5}, {"Panamá", "Panamá", -79.53, 8.97}, {"Papúa Nueva Guinea", "Port Moresby", 147.18, -9.48}, {"Paraguay", "Asunción", -57.67, -25.27}, {"Perú", "Lima", -77.05, -12.05}, {"Polinesia Francesa", "Papeete", -149.57, -17.53}, {"Polonia", "Varsovia", 21, 52.25}, {"Portugal", "Braga", -8.42, 41.55}, {"Portugal", "Coimbra", -8.43, 40.21}, {"Portugal", "Funchal", -16.92, 32.65}, {"Portugal", "Lisboa", -9.13, 38.72}, {"Portugal", "Oporto", -8.62, 41.16}, {"Portugal", "Setúbal", -8.89, 38.52}, {"Portugal", "Sintra", -9.39, 38.8}, {"Puerto Rico", "San Juan", -66.11, 18.47}, {"Reino Unido", "Belfast", -5.93, 54.6}, {"Reino Unido", "Birmingham", -1.9, 52.48}, {"Reino Unido", "Bristol", -2.6, 51.45}, {"Reino Unido", "Cambridge", 0.12, 52.21}, {"Reino Unido", "Edimburgo", -3.19, 55.95}, {"Reino Unido", "Glasgow", -4.25, 55.86}, {"Reino Unido", "Liverpool", -2.99, 53.41}, {"Reino Unido", "Londres", -0.11, 51.52}, {"Reino Unido", "Manchester", -2.25, 53.48}, {"Reino Unido", "Newcastle", -1.61, 54.98}, {"Reino Unido", "Nottingham", -1.15, 52.95}, {"Reino Unido", "Oxford", -1.26, 51.75}, {"Reino Unido", "Plymouth", -4.14, 50.37}, {"Reino Unido", "York", -1.08, 53.96}, {"Reunión", "Saint-Denis", 55.44, -20.9}, {"Ruanda", "Kigali", 30.07, -1.95}, {"Rumanía", "Bucarest", 26.1, 44.43}, {"Rusia", "Irkutsk", 104.16, 52.74}, {"Rusia", "Moscú", 37.58, 55.75}, {"Rusia", "Omsk", 73.59, 54.81}, {"Rusia", "San Petersburgo", 30.32, 59.95}, {"Rusia", "Saskylakh", 114.13, 72.08}, {"Rusia", "Yakutsk", 129.76, 62.12}, {"Samoa", "Apia", -171.73, -13.83}, {"Samoa Americana", "Pago Pago", -170.7, 14.27}, {"San Cristóbal y Nieves", "Basseterre", -62.72, 17.3}, {"San Marino", "San Marino", 12.45, 43.93}, {"Santa Lucía", "Castries", -61, 14}, {"Santo Tomé y Príncipe", "Santo Tomé", 6.73, 0.33}, {"Senegal", "Dakar", -17.43, 14.67}, {"Serbia", "Belgrado", 20.5, 44.83}, {"Seychelles", "Victoria", 55.45, -4.62}, {"Sierra Leona", "Freetown", -13.23, 8.49}, {"Singapur", "Singapur", 103.86, 1.29}, {"Siria", "Damasco", 36.3, 33.5}, {"Somalia", "Mogadiscio", 45.35, 2.03}, {"Sri Lanka", "Colombo", 79.85, 6.93}, {"Suazilandia", "Mbabane", 31.13, -26.32}, {"Sudáfrica", "Pretoria", 28.22, -25.73}, {"Sudán", "Jartum", 32.53, 15.59}, {"Suecia", "Estocolmo", 18.05, 59.33}, {"Suiza", "Berna", 7.47, 46.92}, {"Suiza", "Ginebra", 6.15, 46.2}, {"Suiza", "Zúrich", 8.54, 47.37}, {"Surinam", "Paramaribo", -55.2, 5.85}, {"Surinam", "Paramaribo", -55.17, 5.83}, {"Tailandia", "Bangkok", 100.52, 13.75}, {"Taiwán", "Taipéi", 121.45, 25.02}, {"Tanzania", "Dar es Salaam", 39.28, -6.82}, {"Tanzania", "Dodoma", 35.75, -6.25}, {"Tayikistán", "Dusambé", 70.01, 38.09}, {"Togo", "Lomé", 1.22, 6.13}, {"Tonga", "Nukualofa", -175.2, -21.13}, {"Trinidad y Tobago", "Puerto España", -61.52, 10.65}, {"Túnez", "Túnez", 10.18, 36.8}, {"Turkmenistán", "Asjabad", 58.38, 37.95}, {"Turquía", "Ankara", 32.87, 39.93}, {"Turquía", "Estambul", 28.96, 41.01}, {"Ucrania", "Kiev", 30.52, 50.43}, {"Uganda", "Kampala", 32.58, 0.32}, {"Uruguay", "Montevideo", -56.18, -34.88}, {"Uzbekistán", "Taskent", 69.25, 41.32}, {"Vanuatu", "Port Vila", 168.32, -17.74}, {"Venezuela", "Caracas", -66.92, 10.5}, {"Venezuela", "Maracaibo", -71.63, 10.63}, {"Vietnam", "Hanói", 105.85, 21.03}, {"Vietnam", "Ho Chi Minh", 106.7, 10.78}, {"Yemen", "Saná", 44.21, 15.36}, {"Zambia", "Lusaka", 69.18, 34.52}, {"Zimbabue", "Harare", 19.83, 41.33}}
cercanos = Sequence((5; (ciudades(k, 3))°; (ciudades(k, 4))°), k, 1, Length[ciudades])
CercanoA = ClosestPoint(cercanos, A)
CercanoB = ClosestPoint(cercanos, B)
indiceCercaA = IndexOf(CercanoA, cercanos)
indiceCercaB = IndexOf(CercanoB, cercanos)
cercaA: "Cerca de: 
" + (ciudades(indiceCercaA, 1)) + " 
" + (ciudades(indiceCercaA, 2)) + ""
cercaB: "Cerca de: 
" + (ciudades(indiceCercaB, 1)) + " 
" + (ciudades(indiceCercaB, 2)) + ""
textoLoxo: "" + disLoxo + " km  (" + (If[α > 90°, 180° - α, lonA ≟ lonB, 90°, α]) + ")"
textoOrto: "" + disOrto + " km"
disCirc = If(A ≟ B, 0, round((6371 / 5 * Circumference[circular])))
textoCirc: "" + disCirc + " km"
animación = 0
vel = 5 (slider from 1 to 6, step 1)
v: (500 * 2^(vel))
loxodromia3 = CircumcircleArc(PN, A, PS)
loxodromia = CurveCartesian((5 * cos(t + λ) / cosh((q * t))), (5 * sin(t + λ) / cosh((q * t))), (5 * tanh((q * t))), t, (-20 * pi), (20 * pi))
mapaLoxoAA: {Intersect[Line[AA, Line[AA', BB']], Polygon[(-180, -180), (-180, 180), (180, 180), (180, -180)]]}
mapaLoxoBB: {Intersect[Line[BB, Line[AA', BB']], Polygon[(-180, -180), (-180, 180), (180, 180), (180, -180)]]}
mapaLoxodromia: {Segment[mapaLoxo(1), mapaLoxo(2)], Segment[mapaLoxoAA(1), mapaLoxoAA(2)], Segment[mapaLoxoBB(1), mapaLoxoBB(2)]}
greenwich = CircumcircleArc(PN, (5; 0; 0), PS)
greenwich' = CircumcircleArc(PN, (-5; 0; 0), PS)
f = Segment(AA', BB')
LoxoArcoQ: (arg(EsferaLoxoArcoP) / °, (180 / pi * ln(tan(pi / 4 + alt(EsferaLoxoArcoP) / 2))))
ciudadA: "" + (ciudades(nA, 1)) + "
 " + (ciudades(nA, 2)) + ""
ciudadB: "" + (ciudades(nB, 1)) + "
 " + (ciudades(nB, 2)) + ""
verRastro = true
R = PointIn(tierra)
RR = (-22.160840703663826, 39.892619640246174)
latR = 0.6459870893312605 rad
lonR = -0.3867796352889108 rad